神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了LSD、mescaline及psilocybin等迷幻藥造成迷幻效果的機(jī)制，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅解開(kāi)了迷幻藥如何產(chǎn)生幻覺(jué)之謎，也有助于了解并找出治療神經(jīng)精神病的路徑。 這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表于2007年2月1 日的Neuron中。研究人員很久以前就知道迷幻藥會(huì)活化腦部的特殊受體5-HT2A，在正常的情況下，這種受體是由血清素所活化的。研究人員一直感到好奇的是，為什么有的物質(zhì)會(huì)活化5-HT2A但卻不會(huì)引起幻覺(jué)。 在這項(xiàng)的研究中，研究人員利用小鼠的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，比較LSD和也會(huì)活化5-HT2A之非迷幻物質(zhì)的作用差異。科學(xué)家集中于研究小鼠腦部外皮，因?yàn)橹暗难芯匡@示這是迷幻藥的作用中心。 研究分析顯示，LSD會(huì)導(dǎo)致一種遺傳性、電生理性、及細(xì)胞內(nèi)部的信號(hào)反應(yīng)，這種反應(yīng)與非迷幻藥化合物造成的反應(yīng)不同。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果小鼠的5-HT2A受體不具功能，對(duì)于LSD就不會(huì)產(chǎn)生迷幻反應(yīng)，但是如果恢復(fù)受體的功能，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致小鼠對(duì)于LSD的迷幻反應(yīng)。
部分英文原文： Hallucinogens Recruit Specific Cortical 5-HT2A Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways to Affect Behavior
Javier González-Maeso1, 7, Noelia V. Weisstaub3, 4, 5, 7, Mingming Zhou4, Pokman Chan1, Lidija Ivic1, Rosalind Ang1, Alena Lira4, Maria Bradley-Moore4, Yongchao Ge1, 2, Qiang Zhou1, Stuart C. Sealfon1, 2, , and Jay A. Gingrich4, 5, 6 1Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
2Center for Translational Systems Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
3Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
4Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
5Sackler Institute Laboratories, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
6Lieber Center for Schizophrenia Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA Received 6 July 2006; revised 27 November 2006; accepted 10 January 2007. Published: January 31, 2007. Available online 31 January 2007.
Summary
Hallucinogens, including mescaline, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), profoundly affect perception, cognition, and mood. All known drugs of this class are 5-HT2A receptor (2AR) agonists, yet closely related 2AR agonists such as lisuride lack comparable psychoactive properties. Why only certain 2AR agonists are hallucinogens and which neural circuits mediate their effects are poorly understood. By genetically expressing 2AR only in cortex, we show that 2AR-regulated pathways on cortical neurons are sufficient to mediate the signaling pattern and behavioral response to hallucinogens. Hallucinogenic and nonhallucinogenic 2AR agonists both regulate signaling in the same 2AR-expressing cortical neurons. However, the signaling and behavioral responses to the hallucinogens are distinct. While lisuride and LSD both act at 2AR expressed by cortex neurons to regulate phospholipase C, LSD responses also involve pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric Gi/o proteins and Src. These studies identify the long-elusive neural and signaling mechanisms responsible for the unique effects of hallucinogens.
Author Keywords: MOLNEURO; SIGNALING; HUMDISEASE |
